Yes, you can. JBoss exposes the deployers as MBeans. You will have to first get reference to the MBeanServer and then get hold of the jboss.system:service=MainDeployer MBean. This MBean has the deploy method to which you can pass the URL of the file to be deployed. Have a look at

http://wiki.jboss.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=HowCanIGetAReferenceToTheMBeanServer

You may even want to look at a few examples of invoking MBeans.