Ok so based on the Mail examples given by Tomaz, I've got something like this:

- one DeploymentProcessor which registers information about my annotation and registers it within a EEModuleClassDescription:

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void deploy(final DeploymentPhaseContext phaseContext) throws DeploymentUnitProcessingException {
        final DeploymentUnit deploymentUnit = phaseContext.getDeploymentUnit();
        final EEModuleDescription eeModuleDescription = deploymentUnit.getAttachment(Attachments.EE_MODULE_DESCRIPTION);
        final CompositeIndex compositeIndex = deploymentUnit.getAttachment(org.jboss.as.server.deployment.Attachments.COMPOSITE_ANNOTATION_INDEX);


        final List<AnnotationInstance> annotationInstances = compositeIndex.getAnnotations(SERVICEABILITY_DEFINITION);
        for(final AnnotationInstance annotationInstance : annotationInstances) {
            final AnnotationTarget annotationTarget = annotationInstance.target();
            final ClassInfo classInfo = (ClassInfo) annotationTarget;


            final String className = classInfo.name().toString();
            final EEModuleClassDescription classDescription = eeModuleDescription.addOrGetLocalClassDescription(className);
            final Map<String, ClassAnnotationInformation<Serviceable, ServiceabilityInformation>> annotationInformationMap = this.factory.createAnnotationInformation(compositeIndex);


            if(annotationInformationMap.containsKey(className)) {
                classDescription.addAnnotationInformation(annotationInformationMap.get(className));
            }
        }
    }

... and later on I can retrieve that information the same way I register it here, using the class name of the implementation.

This is a little bit different than what I saw in the mail example, so just to verify - is this the 'good' way of processing an annotation?

FYI I'm using JBoss 7.2.0

Maybe just an additional question - it's working like a charm now, but what I'm also wondering - what's the best way to (unit) test this without mocking - i.e. to get the proper behaviour derived from the JBoss modules as well?

Or isn't there a way and is the preferred way integration tests?

I thought as much. Thanks!